How we verify document photo requirements

The step-by-step process behind every spec sheet on this site — where the numbers come from, how we resolve ambiguity, and what happens when a country changes its rules.

1. Identify the issuing authority

For each country × document combination we identify the body that issues the document and publishes its photo specifications. For passports this is usually a ministry of internal affairs or a dedicated passport agency; for visas it is a consular service; for driving licences a transport ministry. We do not rely on third-party photo printers or studios.

2. Capture the authoritative source

We record the link to the official page or PDF and its name. The document page shows them under the source, together with the date of our last check.

3. Reduce prose to measurable parameters

A typical authority page mixes prose ("plain background, no shadows") with numbers ("35 × 45 mm"). We extract eight measurable parameters: print size, head height (mm and percent), background rule, pose, expression, glasses rule, lighting rule and head-covering rule. Where the source says nothing about one of them, we do not guess a national figure: step 4 explains what happens instead.

4. Cross-check against ICAO 9303

ICAO 9303 is the global baseline for machine-readable travel documents. National rules can be stricter or looser but rarely contradict ICAO. When a national source is silent on a parameter (e.g. head height), we fall back to ICAO and flag the inference.

5. Review, publish, schedule re-verification

The editor reads each profile before it is published. After that, the requirements are checked against the official sources every month, and the date of the last check is shown on the page. When an authority changes its rules, we update the page.

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